This may be your first introduction to water storage, or you might be looking to deepen your understanding. Regardless of your experience level, it’s essential to not only recognize the importance of water storage but also understand why so many people neglect it. As you read, you may discover that these same challenges have kept you from prioritizing water storage in your life. But don’t worry—we’re here to guide you toward the solution and help you see why now is the perfect time to get started.

• LACK OF AWARENESS - Many people are unaware of the importance of having an emergency water supply, often not realizing how quickly access to water becomes critical during a disaster. Without prior experience of a severe water disruption, people may not grasp the urgency of being prepared or what scenarios they should be preparing for. Others may feel uncertain about how to get started.

• FALSE SENSE OF SECURITY - Many people hold the belief that clean water will always be accessible, which leads to complacency in preparing for emergencies. People also assume the unexpected won't affect them or that public services and infrastructure will always reliably meet their needs, ensuring access to water or other supplies during a crisis.

• SPACE CONSTRAINTS - Storing enough water for an emergency requires space, which can be particularly challenging in urban settings. Limited storage options often discourage people from storing the necessary amount of water.

• PROCRASTINATION - Some individuals acknowledge the importance of emergency water storage but delay the task, assuming that there will always be time to prepare later. An emergency may seem distant or unlikely, leading to a tendancy to focus on more immediate concerns and panic buying if an emergency occurs.

• PRIORITIZING OTHER PREPAREDNESS ITEMS - Many prioritize other emergency preparedness items, such as food, medicine, or first-aid supplies, and delay water storage until they feel everything else is in place.

• RELYING ON THE WRONG RESOURCES - Many people feel they are prepared for an emergency knowing they live near a body of water, or have access to other external resources, not aware of the reality and ability to access those resources when the unexpected occurs.

• LIMITED SUPPLY - Without water storage, you might face a shortage during emergencies or disruptions in your regular water supply, such as natural disasters, infrastructure failures, or contamination events.

• INCONVENIENCE - In the absence of stored water, obtaining clean water becomes more challenging and time-consuming, especially if you have to rely on external sources or treatment methods.In the absence of stored water, obtaining clean water becomes more challenging and time-consuming, especially if you have to rely on external sources or treatment methods.

• HEALTH RISKS - Without adequate water storage, you may be forced to use potentially contaminated or unsafe water sources, leading to health risks from dehydration or waterborne diseases.

• INCREASED COSTS - In emergencies, purchasing bottled water or other temporary solutions can be more expensive compared to having a well-maintained water storage system.

• STRESS AND UNCERTAINTY - The uncertainty of not having a reliable water supply can lead to stress and anxiety, especially during emergencies when access to safe water is crucial.

• WATER IS ESSENTIAL FOR LIFE - While preparing food and other emergency supplies is essential, water should always be your first and top priority. Water is vital for survival, as the human body can only endure approximately 3 days without water, compared to 3 weeks without food. Ensuring access to clean, safe water is critical in any emergency situation.

• FAMILY HEALTH AND SAFETY - Water storage is crucial for family health and safety because it ensures access to clean water during emergencies, supporting hydration, food preparation, sanitation, and hygiene. It prevents sickness caused by unsanitary conditions or waterborne diseases, helps maintain physical and mental well-being, and reduces the risk of dehydration and related health complications. Stored water is especially important for vulnerable family members and provides peace of mind during a crisis. It is an essential part of overall disaster preparedness, protecting your family when external water sources become unavailable or unsafe.

• SELF-RELIANCE - Self-reliance in an emergency lies in your ability to take control of your situation and protect yourself and your loved ones when external systems fail. Emergencies can quicky overwhelm public resources, delay aid, or make access to necessities impossible. Being prepared gives you immediate access to essential items, and reduced your dependence on overwhelmed and unreliable systems.

• INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURES - Infrastructure failures, such as damaged pipelines, power outages, or aging water systems, can disrupt the delivery of clean water. Whether this occurs within your home, or affects a whole community, you could be left without a reliable supply until repairs are made.

• NATURAL DISASTERS- Natural disasters can quickly disrupt access to water by damaging infrastructure, contaminating water supplies, or cutting off power needed for water treatment and distribution. Events like hurricanes, floods, earthquakes, and winter storms can leave communities without safe, clean water for days or even weeks, highlighting the critical need for emergency water storage.

• OTHER UNEXPECTED TIMES OF CRISIS- Times of crisis can be sudden, unforeseen events that disrupt daily life and access to essential resources. Such as pandemics, cyberattacks, industrial accidents, economic downturn, global conflicts, etc. Similar to infrastructure failures and some natural disasters they often strike without warning, leaving communities scrambling to quickly get water, food and other resources. Preparing for the unexpected ensures you’re not caught off guard, providing peace of mind and resilience.

• FLEXIBILITY IN RESPONSE- With adequate water storage, you have the flexibility to stay put during an emergency rather than being forced to evacuate in search of resources.

• ECONOMIC DOWNTURN OR HARDSHIP- Having water storage offers security and stability during personal hardships, such as job loss, reduced income, rising inflation, service disruptions, inventory shortages and more. Ensuring your family's is taken care of when resources become limited or strained.

• COMMUNITY RESILIENCE- When individuals are prepared, the overall community is stronger and more resilient. Personal preparedness reduces the strain on emergency services and helps support neighbors who might not be as prepared.

• PEACE OF MIND- Having water storage provides peace of mind by ensuring that, regardless of emergencies or disruptions, you have a reliable, safe supply of clean water. It removes the uncertainty and stress of not knowing how to access water during a crisis, allowing you to feel prepared and self-sufficient, even when external systems fail. Knowing you're ready for unforeseen circumstances brings a sense of security and control in otherwise unpredictable situations.

• Great Northeast Blackout (2003) A transmission line fault in Ohio caused by contact with a tree cascaded into a massive power outage, affecting over 50 million people across eight United States and Ontario, Canada. The blackout disrupted transportation, communication, and water services, leaving millions without electricity and clean water.

Blackout hits Northeast United States | August 14, 2003 | HISTORYAugust 2003 Blackout | Department of Energy

• Hurricane Katrina - New Orleans Levee Failures (2005) The levees and flood protection systems around New Orleans failed during Hurricane Katrina, causing widespread flooding across the city. The floodwaters submerged homes, roads, and infrastructure, displacing hundreds of thousands and disrupting water, electricity, and other essential services for weeks.

How Levee Failures Made Hurricane Katrina a Bigger Disaster | HISTORYHurricane Katrina ‑ Facts, Affected Areas & Lives Lost | HISTORY

• Flint Water Crisis (2014-Present) A switch in the water source from Detroit’s water system to the Flint River led to water contamination with lead due to aging and corroded pipes, combined with insufficient water treatment.

The Flint water crisis begins | April 25, 2014 | HISTORYStory: Flint Water Crisis | CASPER | CDC

• Texas Winter Storm Power Outage (2021) A severe winter storm caused a massive failure in the state’s energy grid, exacerbated by freezing natural gas supplies, power plants shutting down, and inadequate infrastructure for cold weather. More than 4 million people were left without power for days in freezing temperatures, leading to water supply disruptions, severe property damage, and fatalities.

Texas power outages: Food, water problems mount; officials have few answers | The Texas TribuneHow Texas’ power grid failed in 2021 and who’s responsible for fixing it | The Texas TribuneCascading risks: Understanding the 2021 winter blackout in Texas - ScienceDirect

• Toledo Water Crisis (2014) A harmful algal bloom in Lake Erie contaminated the city’s water supply with toxins, making it unsafe to drink or use. A citywide advisory was issued to not drink, boil, or touch the tap water. Leading to people to rely on external sources and panic buying caused bottled water shortages in stores within hours.

Advocates, local political leaders discuss health of Lake Erie since the 2014 Toledo water crisis | wtol.comFive Years Later: Lessons From the Toledo Water Crisis - Alliance for the Great LakesHundreds of Thousands Without Water In Toledo, Ohio

• COVID-19 Pandemic (2020-2023) The onset of the pandemic led to panic buying and stockpiling of essentials like cases of water, toilet paper, cleaning supplies, and non-perishable foods. Supply chain disruptions further exacerbated shortages.

CDC Museum COVID-19 Timeline | David J. Sencer CDC Museum | CDCCoronavirus: The psychology of panic buyingGrocery stores struggle to keep up with demand amid COVID-19 panic buyingEffects of Coronavirus Panic Reach Far and WidePanic Buying Leaves Empty Shelves At Supermarkets And Stores | TODAY

• East Palestine, Ohio Train Derailment (2023) A train carrying hazardous materials derailed, causing a fire and contamination of nearby waterways. This incident led to an evacuation order and significant environmental concerns.

A first report on the Ohio toxic train wreck was released. Here’s what it found — and what investigators are still looking into | CNNEast Palestine, Ohio Train Derailment | US EPAEPA chief surveys derailment aftermath in East Palestine, Ohio

• American Water Works Incident (2024) American Water Works, the largest publicly traded U.S. water and wastewater utility, experienced unauthorized activity within its computer networks. The company activated incident response protocols, involving third-party cybersecurity experts and law enforcement.

Cyberattacks are hitting water systems throughout US, Biden officials warn governors | CNN PoliticsAmerican Water cyberattack renews focus on protecting critical infrastructure | AP News

• Nashville Flood (2010) In May 2010, record rainfall caused severe flooding in Nashville, Tennessee, and surrounding areas. The flood damaged water treatment plants and disrupted water supply systems, prompting boil water advisories for many residents.

State Agencies Urge Water Conservation, Health and Safety Measures in Flooded AreasMay 2010

• Hurricane Sandy (2012) Flooding and power outages disrupted water treatment plants and pump stations, leading to loss of water access and contamination risks. Boil water advisories were issued in affected areas, and residents rushed to purchase bottled water, leading to widespread shortages.

Hurricane Sandy facts and information

• Hurricane Maria (2017) The hurricane destroyed the island's water infrastructure, leaving millions without clean drinking water for months. Some resorted to unsafe sources, increasing the risk of disease. Panic buying of bottled water occurred, and emergency supplies struggled to meet the overwhelming demand.

Puerto Rico suffering a humanitarian crisis after Maria, San Juan mayor says | CNN

Not all materials are created equal when it comes to storing water. Some are safe and durable, while others can compromise the quality of your water or even pose health risks. In this section, we’ll explore the most common materials used for water storage, as well as those you should avoid to ensure you can make the right choice and make sure your water tank is safe to use.

• MATERIALS - The container you choose to store your water should always be made with food-grade and BPA free materials that are non-toxic and won't leach harmful chemicals into your water.

• CERTIFICATIONS - Along with food-grade materials, you should look for containers that have an NSF/ANSI 61 certification and FDA compliancy or approval.

• CLEANLINESS - We never recommend using a container that has been used previously for anything other than potable water. It is possible that the container absorbed the contents and even when thoroughly cleaned, it could contaminate your water.

• TIGHT SEAL - The container lid or openings should have a tight seal to prevent exposure to external sources or contamination.

• HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE)

Advantages:

• Lightweight and easy to handle or move.
• Good corrosion and chemical resistance.
• Longevity and durability.
• UV-resistance (when treated), so they can withstand outdoor use without degradation.
• Cost-effective and generally more affordable than other materials.
• Easy installation and maintenance.
• Can be recycled.

Disadvantages:

• UV degradation (Without treatment or additive).
• Susceptible to scratches or surface damage.
• Less resistant to extreme temperatures.
• Can be vulnerable to sharp impacts or heavy pressure.

Common Uses: Residential water storage, rainwater harvesting, and agricultural irrigation.

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• LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (LDPE)

Advantages:

• Lightweight and easy to handle or move.
• Adequate corrosion and chemical resistance.
• Longevity and durability.
• UV-resistance (when treated), so they can withstand outdoor use without degradation.
• Cost-effective and generally more affordable than other materials.
• Easy installation and maintenance.
• Can be recycled.

Disadvantages:

• Lower durability and impact resistance compared to HDPE.
• Not ideal for larger scale water storage.
• Less rigid than HDPE and more susceptible to puncturing or damage from sharp impacts or rough handling.
• UV degradation (Without treatment or additive).
• Susceptible to scratches or surface damage.
• Less resistant to extreme temperatures compared to HDPE.

Common Uses: Smaller scale and portable water storage solutions.

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• FIBERGLASS -

Advantages:

• Highly resistant to corrosion and chemicals.
• Strong and durable, even in extreme temperatures.
• Naturally UV resistant.
• Has a non-porous surface which can make it harder for bacteria, algae and other contaminants to grow.

Disadvantages:

• Fiberglass tanks can be very expensive compared to other materials.
• Can be heavy and hard to move or handle.
• Susceptible to damage, cracks or stress fractures from extreme impact, or improper handling and installation.
• Difficult to repair or modify.
• Can be difficult to install and may require additional structural support.
• Can be difficult to recycle.

Common Uses: Large-scale commercial or industrial water storage, septic systems, wastewater, potable water storage.

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• STAINLESS STEEL -

Advantages:

• Highly resistant to corrosion and chemicals.
• Strong and durable, even in extreme temperatures.
• Impervious to UV.

Disadvantages:

• Can be very expensive compared to other materials.
• Can be heavy and hard to move or handle.
• Depending on size it may require professional installation.
• Can be difficult to repair or modify.
• High thermal conductivity can cause extreme temperature fluctuations.

Common Uses: Large-scale commercial or industrial water storage.

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• CONCRETE-

Advantages:

• Strong and durable.
• Can be customized.
• Fire resistance.
• Natural insulation.
• Low maintenance.

Disadvantages:

• Concrete is porous and could expose water to contaminants or chemicals if not sealed or treated properly.
• Can be very expensive compared to other materials.
• Is very heavy and typically permanent and immovable.
• Typically requires a custom build and installation.
• Susceptible to cracking over time.

Common Uses: Underground and cistern-style tanks.

• NON-FOOD GRADE PLASTICS - Plastics that are not food-grade can leach harmful chemicals into the water, especially when exposed to heat or sunlight.

• METALS PRONE TO CORROSION - Some metals and alloys that are not stainless steel can rust and corrode when exposed to water. Rust can introduce unwanted particles into the water, which could compromise its quality and safety.

• USED CONTAINERS - You should not use a tank or container that has been previously used for anything other than potable water. Even when thoroughly cleaned, it is likely that the substance was absorbed by the container and can contaminate your water.

• OLD OR DEGRADED CONTAINERS - Containers that are old, cracked or brittle can expose your water to outside elements, bacteria and other contaminants. You are also more likely to experience leaks.

• GLASS - While glass is a safe material and is non-reactive to water, we don't recommend relying on glass containers for emergency water storage due to their fragility, capacity, weight.

• WATER BLADDERS - These containers are usually cheap and commonly made with a PVC material that is not always safe for potable water storage. Since these containers are foldable, they can be easy store when empty but, when they are full, they can be bulky, unstable, and hard to use. They can also be easily punctured.

Once you have calculated your water storage needs, you will want to assess the space that you have available and decide how much you are willing to dedicate to your water storage. When choosing a storage location, you will want to think long-term, and you will also want to consider the impact it can have on your water tank, water quality and rotation schedule.

• BASMENT - Storing water in a basement provides benefits such as temperature regulation, reduced light exposure, protection from environmental hazards, efficient use of space, structural support for heavy containers, security from contamination, and convenience of accessibility.

• UTILITY ROOM OR CLOSET - If you have a large utility room or closet, storing indoors provides benefits such as temperature regulation, reduced light exposure, protection from environmental hazards, security from contamination, and convenience of accessibility. This is typically a good option for small water tanks.

• GARAGE - If you don't have a basement or indoor room available, storing water in a garage can still provide temperature stability, light protection, security, weather protection, and easy accessibility.

• SHED OR COVERED AREA - While it is not an ideal location, If you have to store your tank outdoors, the tank should be placed in a shed, or covered area if possible to protect it from direct sunlight, extreme temperatures, and contaminants. Since your water tank will be directly exposed to the elements you will want to rotate your water (Step 10) more frequently and consider taking additional precautions in the cold months by adding insulation and draining 10-12% of the water to allow for expansion and prevent damage to your water tank.

• ACCESSIBILITY - Ensure the storage location is easily accessible in case of an emergency. You should be able to quickly and easily reach the water tank without having to move heavy or numerous obstacles.

• DRAINING / FILLING - It is important to make sure you have easy access to fill and drain your water tank.

• STABLE & FLAT SURFACE - The tank should be on a stable, flat surface to prevent tipping or damage. Elevating the tank can also be beneficial for water pressure if you need to use gravity for water flow.

• CONTAMINANTS - Whether stored indoors or outdoors, keep the tank away from chemicals, gasoline, pesticides, and any other potential contaminants.

• TEMPERATURE CONTROL - Ideally, the storage location should maintain a consistent temperature, avoiding extreme heat or cold, which can affect the integrity of the tank and the quality of the water.

• WATER QUALITY AND ROTATIONS - Your storage location will have an impact on your water quality and longevity. When your water tank is exposed to direct sunlight, varying temperatures, it is important to rotate your water more frequently. This is addressed more in step 10.

Even when taking the proper steps to make sure your water is in the best condition for long-term storage, including usage of water-safe accessories, filtering, treating, and regular rotations, it is still important to understand how to identify if your water is in good condition, or if it may be unsafe to consume. By doing regular inspections or testing of your water storage, you will be able to feel more confident in your water storage, make proactive adjustments, and make sure your water is ready for the unexpected.

• VISUAL INSPECTION - Check for clarity. Water should be clear and free from visible particles, sediment, or cloudiness. Ensure there’s no greenish tint, floating particles, or any signs of algae or mold.

• ODOR TEST - Safe water should have no unusual or strong odors. Any smell of chemicals, sulfur, or mustiness could indicate contamination.

• WATER TESTING KITS - Use a home water testing kit to check for common contaminants like chlorine, lead, nitrates, bacteria, and pesticides.

• pH TESTING - Use a pH testing strip or digital pH meter. Safe drinking water typically has a pH between 6.5 and 8.5.

• USE A WATER FILTER - When you are ready to use the water, you can run the water through a high-quality water filter designed to remove bacteria, protozoa, and other contaminants. For best results we recommend using a micron water filter, like our versa flow water filter. Micron filters like our versa flow filter have a slower flow but, with a pore size of 0.1 micron they have the ability to filter out much smaller contaminants that a high-volume filter cannot. Must have an absolute pore (hole) size of 0.3 micron or smaller to remove bacteria. Must have an absolute pore size of 1 micron or smaller to remove parasites (such as Giardia or Cryptosporidium)

• BOIL YOUR WATER - Boil the water for at least one minute (three minutes at higher altitudes). Boiling kills most pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, making it safe to drink.

• CHLORINE TREATMENT - For your safety, before attempting chlorine treatment we always recommend reading the product label for specific instructions, or doing your own research to confirm exact measurements based on the product and concentration used. Per the CDC you can add 8 drops of unscented liquid household chlorine bleach per gallon of water, stir, and let it sit for 30 minutes. The water should have a slight chlorine smell. If it doesn’t, repeat the process, and if it still doesn’t, the water may be too contaminated to purify. Most common household bleach contains 5-9% sodium hypochlorite.